Spina Bifida and the Neural Tube

Spina Bifida is a birth defect that is caused by a partially formed spinal cord. Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect. Neural tube defects are birth defects that can range from minor to severe impairment.


Spina Bifida is the most common neural tube defect. According to the Spina Bifida Association of America (SBAA), Spina Bifida is the “most common permanently disabling birth defect in the United States.” They also estimate that over 70,000 people in the United States are living with Spina Bifida.


Spina Bifida occurs when the spinal cord fails to close early in the pregnancy.


Preventing Spina Bifida


According to SBAA, folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube birth defects by 70%. They assert that if every woman who could possibly become pregnant would take a vitamin containing folic acid, the occurrences of Spina Bifida would greatly decrease.


Other than that, however, there seems to be no way to prevent a neural tube defect, such as Spina Bifida.


Effects of Spina Bifida


Spina Bifida is a defect leading to many different problems in different cases. The problems Spina Bifida can cause include:

· Hydrocephalus (or fluid in the brain)

· Incontinence (or loss of bladder control)

· Obesity

· Emotional issues, such as depression


Hydrocephalus


Hydrocephalus is the most common problem those with Spina Bifida face. According to SBAA, 80% of those with Spina Bifida suffer from hydrocephalus as a result. Hydrocephalus is a buildup of spinal fluid in the brain and often requires a shunt. A shunt is put in the brain in order to help drain the fluid and prevent buildup. There is a risk of shunt malfunction, which can result in a number of symptoms, including:

· Seizures

· Headache

· Nausea

· Vomiting


The symptoms of shunt malfunction can vary, however, and those suffering from hydrocephalus should see a neurosurgeon every two years to ensure the shunt is functioning properly.